what happened to the zapruder film

Hunt, the Dallas oil man. But we do know that a tremendous amount of chicanery has been performed in the presentation of evidence in this entire case. 161 ). The problem with lining up the images in the frame is that it leaves the edges of the frame itself misaligned. Why Elsie Dorman? The briefing boards and notes were then turned over to Arthur Lundahl. Based on his model, Nalli also thinks that the theory of a second shooter and that of the president being shot by hollow-point or soft-point bullets are also unlikely. Greenpeace activist since 1985. JFK is hit in the head before he reaches the car, or so it appears on that badly damaged film. When we contemplate the possibility the Zapruder film was altered, we tend to think first of the type of alteration accomplished by replacing authentic frames with forged or composite frames. [38] Kodak engineer Ronald Zavada ran experiments with the film Abraham Zapruder used and concluded that the film is authentic. Abe answered that he would not speak about the film with anyone but the federal authorities. [30] Holland and Rush have pointed out that Zapruder temporarily stopped filming at around frame 132, when only police motorcycles were visible. Keep in mind that this film was never intended to be released to the public. Abe Zapruder wasn't the only photographer on the scene. Why would you alter the Zapruder film, but not the other films ? No. BREHM said when the President was hit by the second shot he could notice the Presidents hair fly up and then [he] roll[ed] over to his side Brehm said that a third shot followed between the first and third shots, the Presidents car only seemed to move some 10 or 12 feet almost came to a halt after the first shot [FBI statement]. The circled number is the frame of video. ( 3 H 221 ) I believe most folks would agree with that. I doubt Hollywood could devise such a cynical, dastardly and devious plot line, yet these actions were completed within hours of the Dallas killing. Zapruder was an active member of two CIA proprietary organizations, The Dallas Council On World Affairs, and The Crusade For A Free Europe. Frame 153 from the Zapruder film. But critics have pointed out those things that make the films provenance suspect; its images are chock-full of unexplained anomalies as well as inconsistencies between the Zapruder film and Dealey Plaza eyewitness testimony. The testimonies of Brugioni, McMahon & Hunter along with the chain of custody of the camera original & its Dallas copies are to me the 'rosetta stone' of JFKA conspiracy. "I saw the president lean over to Jacqueline. The editors of the Zapruder Film had many sources to use in the construction of the Zapruder film. Was that an unslit 16mm/8mm, or a 16mm single strip? The first opportunity Americans had to see it was on Mar. Acoustic guitar. It confirmed Nallis theoryand shows that its unlikely that the president was shot from the grassy knoll in front of him. How many people were photographing the motorcade? It looks like the limo slows, then accelerates. Nicholas Nalli, senior research scientist at IMSG, Inc., created a model of the mechanics of the gunshot wound itself to explain where the bullet may have come from. I dont know if you have ever laid down close to the ground when you heard the reports coming, but its a whole lot plainer than it is when you are standing up in the air. To see a slow motion of the sequence showing Jackie on the trunk, please go here. I decided to do an experiment using my home computer and editing software. The underlined statements may be true. https://jfkfacts.org/rewinding-the-zapruder-film/-this is Doug Horne speaking on the Zapruder film. This lab was so secret that even its code name (Hawkeye Works) was at the time highly classified. and told them that"I could see the President's car and another one and they looked like the cars were stopped. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. That is about 20% of the witnesses in Dealey Plaza. The President and Mrs. Kennedy shared a limousine with Texas Governor John Connally and his wife Nellie. ( pronounced Itek ) He believed that this was a copy from an original film owned by H.L. The first shot of the second two seemed as if it missed because the hair on the right side of his head flew forward and there didnt seem to be any impact against his head. [10][11], Brugioni said he was not aware of a second examination of the film at NPIC, the night of Sunday 24 November and the early morning of Monday 25 November, by a completely different team. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Apparently the team that worked on the second examination was given 16mm film and made up another, and possibly larger, series of frame prints, and that another set of briefing boards was also created. ( Z-210 ) There might have been one or two people still standing but I would say that ninety-eight percent of the people were still laying flat on the side of the hill.". According to Hewitt, he realized his mistake after ending their telephone conversation and immediately called Rather back to countermand the order, disappointing the reporter. Like many other witnesses, Hill apparently did not hear the first shot, nor did he hear the one that struck JFK in the head before he reached the car. The problem is not . Abraham Zapruder (May 15, 1905 - August 30, 1970) was a Ukrainian-born American clothing manufacturer who witnessed the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.He unexpectedly captured the shooting in a home movie while filming the presidential limousine and motorcade as it traveled through Dealey Plaza. It is one of the most studied pieces of film in history. This seems extremely unlikely, however, because the film itself may hold the answer to whether or not it was edited.More evidence of editing: blurred vs. sharp frames. Bystander Phillip L. Willis said, The shot caused me to squeeze the camera shutter, and I got a picture of the President as he was hit with the first shot. What needs to be changed to tell a different story? Life refused to approve the use of any of the frames, even after Thompson offered to give all profits from the book sales to Life. We strive for accuracy and fairness. I have watched that documentary, and I firmly believe that Dino Brugioni is a competent, credible, honest and forth-right expert who clearly and cogently presented evidence that proves the Zapruder film was altered; frames missing, showing more visuals of the brain matter shooting higher up in the air, the motorcade stopping, etc. Until a few years ago, the authenticity and reliability of the extant Zapruder film was accepted by almost all JFK assassination researchers, even the severest critics of the Warren Report, myself included. He also met with a representative from Life Magazine and agreed to sell all rights to the footage for the sum of $150,000. Films and photographs are hardly an inviolable form of evidence, as is acknowledged in what many consider the bible on evidence, McCormick on Evidence, 3rd Ed., Edited by Edward W. Cleary, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, MN, 1984. Marie Muchmore filmed the motorcade from the same side as Nix, on the south side of Elm. Get a copy of the film, use good software, and look at each frame of the film. The people in the p. limo have been painted or blacked out. Part way, I stopped it for about two seconds, then resumed the movement. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. It is impossible to know just what happened to the original film. Hired in 1969, employee and assassination buff Robert Groden used one of Weitzman's copies and an optical printer to make versions of the Zapruder film with close-ups and minimize the shakiness of Zapruder's camera. There IS evidence that other films of the assassination have been tampered with as well. In the following excerpts from Hills testimony before the Warren Commission, you will find specific reference points that seem to nail down the exact moment he heard the headshot. I heard a loud report which sounded like a firecracker A disturbance in 679X caused me to look forward toward the Presidents car At the moment he was almost sitting erect I heard two [more] reports which I thought were shots and that appeared to me completely different in sound than the first report and were in such rapid succession that there seemed to be practically no time element between them. James Norwood, a retired professor of Humanities, University of Minnesota, was perhaps the first to point out what seems to be a definitive discrepancy: In the Zapruder film of the assassination, Jackie goes only just beyond the middle of the trunk before retreating. ( pg. AC absolutely hit Webb's helmet. Rear wheel contact on Webb's back. When Nalli studied the Zapruder film, he noticed that the presidents head snapped forward at the moment the bullet hit his skull. I am pretty convinced the Z film has frames with the rear head-shot blacked out (before and after injury) and has had frames removed which coincidentally remove the brief stop. The Nix film shows far less detail because it was taken at a distance. Knowing his footage might prove valuable in a government investigation, Zapruder developed the 486-frame film and screened it for the Secret Service the following day. But the Z-film record still stands. What he said seems to suggest he saw Kennedy being shot in the head for a second time immediately after the first time. We also know that the CIA destroyed its records of the films stay at that lab. One can choose to believe the top piece of evidence convincing people there was a conspiracy was actually faked to suggest no conspiracy, or that people's memories are often in error. I think people remember when they are struck in the back with a bullet that knocks them forward, and that memory is confirmed on film. On November 22, 1963, Abraham Zapruder shot what has become the most famous home movie of all time: a chilling 26-second snippet of film depicting the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Zapruder wasn't only a 33 Degree and a Jew. [21], On October 26, 1992, then-U.S. President George H. W. Bush signed into law the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act (the "JFK Act"), which sought to preserve for historical and governmental purposes all records related to President Kennedy's assassination. As you will see, he associates that shot with the first time he grabbed the handgrip. Four hundred and eighty six frames later, Zapruder had not only captured history, he had made it. In the Nix film, Jackie goes noticeably further out on the trunk. One can take imagery from another location, say the intersection of Elm and Houston, and in front of the TSBD, during what I call the Zapruder Gap. All Rights Reserved. By the way, h ere's something that The Wikipedia thought important to leave out from the Zapruder film narrative. For instance, On November 24, 1963, while Lee Harvey Oswald was being moved from a detention cell to an interrogation room . You will be able to leave a comment after signing in, 20th Century American History, JFK assassination. A closeup from the portion of the film showing the fatal shot to Kennedy's head is also shown in the Clint Eastwood film In the Line of Fire. The infamous frame would remain excised from all public versions of the film until 1975, when it was shown for the first time on reporter Geraldo Riveras television show Good Night America.. " Jackie recoils, her mouth open in horror, and suddenly she is climbing out of the open- top car, scrambling on the back hood of the limousine, met by Secret Service agent Clint Hill, who pushes her back down into the seat. In 1966, he was interviewed by attorney/author Mark Lane. However, numerous Dealey Plaza witnesses reported that during the time the limousine was under fire it came to a complete but brief stop. 26, 1964, he said:Immediately after President Kennedy was struck with a second bullet, the car in which he was riding pulled to the curb ( CD 897, pg. XVIII. J.W. When did Hill actually grab onto the limousine the first time, before he fell off and got back on again? The effects of the visual image on society will be debated ad nauseum (curiously, some critics would later credit Zapruder's film in particular with giving a bit of ultraviolence and verite . From those slides, the FBI made a series of black-and-white prints, which were given to the commission for its use. ZAPRUDER FILM CHRONOLOGY - COMPILED BY CHRIS SCALLY (Tabular_Z Film_Chronology). That same year, the family donated all copyrights on the film to the Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. Abraham Zapruder's camera was running at a determinable speed: 18.3 frames per second. I recall one researcher saying that the Elsie Dorman was the worst photographer ever. Have you ever wondered why no one on Houston Street or on Elm Street, except Abe Zapruder, filmed the p. limo from the passenger side? As you will see from what follows, this is a crucial question. What do you do with that? But many did apparently hear two nearly simultaneous shots at the time of the head wounding. Like Zapruder, her video has an interesting anomaly just before the head shot. Reymond also claimed that he had seen the version through a friend of his who was a member of a right wing group in France called ETEC. She has also co-authored numerous peer-reviewed articles for medical journals. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. . The right rear portion of his head was missing. McCormick had been at the Trade Mart waiting for the president to arrive when he heard of the shooting. Below, he seems to be describing the effects of two bullets fired nearly simultaneously, one of which he thought was a near miss, disturbing only JFKs hair. ". You can see how his visor snaps up when contact is made. His analogy, standing against something metal strongly suggests he was in contact with the car when JFK was shot in the head. Erin Blakemore is a journalist from Boulder, Colorado. I believe more than we know. Thats the only smoking gun in the film.. The original film was retained by Zapruder, in addition to one of the copies. After creating the required duplicate negatives from the desired frames, the film was returned the two members of the Secret Service, and that at approximately 3 AM they left the NPIC facility. That person was a 58-year old Dallas dress manufacturer, Abraham Zapruder, who died in 1970. Simply the scene content of the inside of the p. limo. Under this theory, a photograph is viewed merely as a graphic portrayal of oral testimony, and becomes admissible only when a witness has testified that it is a correct and accurate representation of the relevant facts personally observed by the witness. But a stop DURING the shooting sequence, at a time when Jackie was neither on the trunk nor Clint Hill had started toward the rear of the limo, could either be a sign that the driver realized he was driving into an ambush in front of him, or more sinisterly, making it easier for the shooters to kill JFK. Soon after, Hill was asked, Was there anything back there that you observed, that she might have been reaching for? His response: I thought I saw something come off the back, too, but I cannot say that there was. John Costella said the film was technically perfect except for small, technical changes in the film. Critics have offered a large number of credible reasons for concluding that the version of the Zapruder film now preserved in the National Archives is not the untouched camera original. (With those autopsy photos being a third mirror, for an infinite reflection.). There were several other reports made by witneses in or near Dealey Plaza during the assassination. These witnesses included Dallas police officers, news media personnel and civilian spectators. The Altgens photo shows that Clint Hill still has not jumped off the running board. (p.671), Motion pictures, when they were first sought to be introduced in evidence, were frequently objected to and sometimes excluded on the theory that they afforded manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. At first glance, the notion that the Zapruder film might have been tampered with seems far-fetched. Excepta large percentage of those suspecting a conspiracy were swayed to do so after viewing the film, and the public viewing of the film led the public to call for a second investigation, which led to the HSCA. (To see some astounding examples concerning the medical evidence, please go here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and here.). In Harry's account, it was he who told Abe that the Secret Service would want to see the film, and he offered to get Dallas Secret Service chief Forrest Sorrels and bring him to Jennifer Juniors [the business which Abe owned]. Mark Tyler on a thread here looked into the ear witness testimony and that points to two shots around the time of the headshot. Zapruder gave two of the copies to Sorrels and they were sent to Washington. [9][10][11][12][13][14] The Presidents reactions just after the projectile impact were physically consistent with a gunshot wound caused by a high-energy Carcano military rifle bullet fired from the vicinity of the Texas School Book Depository, Nalli writes. Orville Nix was filming the motorcade from the plaza on the south side of Elm St., on the opposite side of the limo from Zapruder. This would contradict the Commissions central finding that JFK was killed by a single shooter. Here, his granddaughter details exactly what happened on . Years later, in an interview she gave with my mother, Marilyn remembered, "When they started to make their first turn, turning into the street, he said, 'OK, here we go.' Related front page panorama photo credit: Adapted by WhoWhatWhy from Dealey Plaza (Father of Nehrams2020 / Wikimedia CC BY-SA 3.0). Hill, the woman in red in the Zapruder film, stood less than ten feet away from the presidential limousine facing the now-famous grassy knoll. [16] In response to an inquiry, then-FBI director J. Edgar Hoover wrote in 1965 that frames 314 and 315 had been swapped due to a printing error, and that that error did not exist in the original Warren Commission exhibits. But the first thing I remember is after that bottle hit and I looked down . Nallis not the first person to use physics to model the bullets trajectorythe head wound and ballistics are covered in-depth in theWarren Report. But, writes Nalli, his model is unique in that it focuses on the forward motion of the presidents head after he was shot. Between November 1963 and January 1964, the FBI examined a copy of the Zapruder film, noting that the camera recorded at an average of 18.3 frames per second. Not only were such bullets never recovered, he writes, but the movements of Kennedys head are only consistent with a shot from the back. With fidelity to the true personality and essence of the man, the film also follows Abraham Zapruder, the businessman who filmed the shooting on his Super 8 camera, and who was devastated by what . Asked about the origin of the second shot he heard: It was right, but I cannot say for sure that it was rear, because when I mounted the car it was it had a different sound than the first sound that I heard. I found this very interesting, especially the frame that appeared to be split. Another piece of evidence is that we know the limo braked (brake lights came on) at the right time. I didn't realize what had happened," Abe remembered. Whereas witness reports can be in error.. And when I say stopped, I mean very momentarily, like they hit the brakes and just a few seconds passed and then they floorboarded and accelerated past." The Zapruder film is easily the most analyzed film, ever. It looked to me as if the President was struck in the right upper rear of his head. And in real life, as demonstrated by the chart from the Military Armament Corporation, there are also manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. It seemed everyone had the same idea. For an instant, the back of a freeway sign obscures the limousine, and then the Kennedys reappear. The objects' positions are updated during visibility in the Zapruder frames, and they stay motionless once each object moves out of those frames. It would have been impossible to alter the film in such a way as to depict the movement of the head as being anything other than what it was. The 1963 Zapruder film, taken by Abraham Zapruder, is derived from the six-foot strip of celluloid contained in the U.S. National Archives, scientifically pr. But if the Nix film was missing frames, how could that be ? Whether it was filmed by Zapruder or is a completely different film I'll still refer to it in this thread as an unaltered Zapruder film or UZ for short. b.) ", .css-1fgik18{color:#323232;display:block;font-family:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.3125rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1fgik18:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1fgik18{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1fgik18{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1fgik18{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.2;}}JFK's Grandson Passes the Bar, Jackie Kennedy's Two Former DC Homes Are For Sale, Jack Antonoff Wore a Bobby Kennedy Campaign Pin, The Royal Family & the Kennedys Through the Years, Kennedy Family Shares Photos of Conor in Ukraine, Caroline Kennedy Reflects on Shinzo Abe's Legacy. The next part of the sequence always feels agonizingly long to me, even though it took place in seconds. The following excerpt from .css-gegin5{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#9a0500;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-gegin5:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Twenty-Six Seconds by Zapruder's granddaughter Alexandra details how he captured history, and what happened next. [15] After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film. Milicent Cranor, a WhoWhatWhy senior editor with a background in forensic medical publishing, has studied the JFK assassination on and off for more than two decades. Twenty-two minutes after the assassination, CBS correspondent Walter Cronkite broke into normal broadcasting with a news bulletin and said that "the car stopped momentarily.". One of the first-generation Secret Service copies was loaned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in Washington, D.C., which made a second-generation copy. It went in my back and came out my chest about 2 inches below and the left of my right nipple. Plagued by nightmares of the films gruesome content, Zapruder only allowed the magazine to publish photos of the assassination footage on the condition that it remove frame 313the moment in which Kennedy is shot in the head. And, he says, when he mounted the car the sound of that shot was different from the earlier one. Now everywhere you read about it, you never read about the car stopping. The car dips into the lower part of the camera frame, and as the president's body sinks down in the car toward his wife, the fatal shot strikes him. The Zapruder film shows the President's head moving back and to the left, which Dr. Nalli soon realized was due to a recoil effect He developed a simple one-dimensional gunshot wound dynamics model to explain the movements observed in the film This is the first time this aspect of the case has been considered so thoroughly and . Garrison unsuccessfully subpoenaed the original film in 1968. Kennedys limousine was surrounded by nine motorcycle policemen: five in front, and four more close behind two on each side putt-putting away. Filmed by Abraham Zapruder. The president's elbows fly up, his face distorted in pain, and he suddenly hunches forward as his wife looks at Governor Connally, sitting in the jump seat across from them, before turning back to her husband with visible confusion on her face. What we now know but didnt know previously is that for at least half a day during the weekend following the assassination the film was at a top secret CIA photo lab at the Kodak facility in Rochester, NY, where it may have been altered in various ways. --Michael J. Briggs , former editor-in-chief University Press of Kansas, publisher of The Zapruder Film and Breach of Trust "An impressive and staggering piece of investigative journalism. It can be found in an article by attorney and JFK researcher Carol Hewett that is just stunning, rich in insight and very hard-to-get information. So instantaneous the crowd hadnt had time to react.. Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been FORCED to retain the headshot frames. In early 1967, Life released a statement saying that four frames of the original (frames 208211) were accidentally destroyed, and the adjacent frames damaged, by a Life photo lab technician on November 23, 1963.

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