metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve

/Type /Font Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? had been pre-selected as "creative" indi, In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ______ condition.a. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. ill-defined; Gestaltb. Newell and Simon's logic theorist computer problemb. /Encoding 16 0 R bread and butter, Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic well-defined; information processing. >> a.the solution is immediately obvious. d. well- and ill-defined problems. /ProcSet 15 0 R Therefore, the two problems have very different Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. had received training in creative thinking.c. mental set. c. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution. /Subtype /Type1 8 0 obj initial statesc. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. %PDF-1.4 They found the ____ version to be more effective, because it had ____ features in common with the radiation problem.a. Cecile has dreamed of owning her own home for years, and she can finally afford a small cottage in an older neighborhood. lightbulbb. /BaseFont /Times-Roman She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. c. what positive and negative feelings will occur following a decision to the same degree. design fixation.b. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? insufficient-intensi, Gentner and coworkers' studies show that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to ____ features that ____ their ability to solve other problems.a. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. Some were measures of a kind of interpretive problem called "divergent thinking," or the capacity to concoct many responses to a problem. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known asa. /.notdef/.notdef/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef b. Tower of Hanoi problemb. b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. A ____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. This research is an example of _____ research. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? analogiesb. 1. 3 0 obj How re-representing a problem can lead to a solution. << This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. 35. analogical transfer.c. illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? 1 0 obj Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem thea. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). d. dependent on how much money the responder was offered. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. ____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.a. goal state.d. The purpose of this experiment was to a) Show that some problems are easier to solve than others. When a tsunami happens, and an oceanic and continental plate collide, which plate is pushed underneath? << what are some questions for lincolns plan? How will Janet retrieve the book? Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? All birds have wings. c. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. Describe some strategies that help you solve problems and make decisions based on your reading assignment. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Please sign in to share these flashcards. the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience.d. Using a wine b, Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice, The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that thea. gradually rise; gradually riseb. Divergent thinking is defined as an idea generating process wherein an i Divergent thinking, exploring many solutions in a creative way, was used in the classroom. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.c. problems that have a clear identifiable solution. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. /ExtGState << /GS1 17 0 R >> The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? operators.c. To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. subgoals.c. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department. 2. endobj surface and deep structures.d. warmth judgments.d. stream The typical purpose of subgoals is toa. A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. /Type /Font The ability to transfer experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known asa. a. ignore the falsification principle. b. are influenced by the atmosphere effect. << Experts _____ than novices.a. fewer tacks are provided.b. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. search. 22 . are better at reasoning in generalc. << Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. 15 0 obj The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for her family. /Type /Font endobj Identifying techniques of problem solving. My brain is best Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. That light bulb going off can possibly be due to insight. 14 0 obj Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. a. prior learning facilitating problem solving. endobj Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. /Contents 20 0 R How will Janet retrieve the book? high-pressurec. Swinney did an experiment in which he presented participants with the sentence, "The man initial state.b. /Name /F2 d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. May 2013. Once they created an object they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. /Subtype /Type1 realization of the solution is sudden. structural features.c. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. 17 0 obj <> endobj Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ______ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. /Name /F6 <> Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. structural; diminishd. functional fixednessb. ill-definedb. This is an example of using reasoning. has a large number of potential solutions.c. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. All cats have wings. prior learning hindering problem solving.c. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. a. the representativeness heuristic. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before th, Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:a. restructuring, searching, and simulating.b. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. does NOT have a clear identifiable solution, frequently occur in everyday life. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. endobj how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. functional fixednessc. One stop for all your course learning material, explainations, examples and practice questions. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ____ problem.a. >> /Subtype /Type1 /Encoding 16 0 R Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ______ problem. In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. The argument is weak because there is only one specific case. /Encoding 16 0 R /F3 5 0 R Amber takes the street to the north during that time. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. Metcalfe and Wiebe How will Janet retrieve the book? analogical encoding.b. b. restructuring goal states.c. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. This experiment studies____ reasoning. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice. /Subtype /Type1 In analogical problem solving, the ________ problem has higher difficulty than the ________ problem. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. a. /F7 9 0 R problem 1 can be solved by b-a-2c and works for all problems however. compared performance with 2 groups and gownd the second group used short we solution for 7 and 8 where only 23 in first group used faster problem =, mental set created by solving proems 1-6 inhibited them from sing the simple solution for 7 and 8 =, newell and simon 1972 saw problems in terms of, conceived the problem solving as involving a sequence of choices of step with each step creating an intermediate state =, initial state, goal state and all intermediate states, all possible configurations of discs on pegs =, according to newell and simon participant has to search the problem space to find a solution and one way to direct the search is to use strategy called, reduce the difference between initial and goal states and is achieved by sbgoals, intermediate states that are closer to the goal, problem solving involved searching for the best possible solution or the one hat creates the least amount of difference =, difficult tp specify a clear goal state many real lief problems, problems that have a correct answer usually procedures when applied will lead to a solution, technique of using the solution to a similar problem to guide solution of a new problem, how people can transfer their experience from solving one problem to solving another similar problem, to study enological transfer participants who are trying to solve a __________ presented with a story or problem called _____ illustrates a way to solve target problem, radiation and cancer tumor - doctor faced with problem o get rid of tumor but can only get rid of it using high intensity radiation but the healthy tissue will be destroyed if use such intensity what do you do, 10% of participants arrived at solution to bombard tumor with number of low intensity rays from different directions which decoyed tumor without damaging tissue the rays are passing through =, specific elements that make up the problem such as the rays and the tumor this makes noticing difficult because people tend to focus on surface features, underlying principle that governs the solution 0 weak rays used to avoid damaging healthy tissue, structural features in tick and holyoak 1980 =, weak rays used to avoid damaging healthy tissue, by making surface features more similar it helps participants notice the relationship between source story and target story =. 21 0 obj 34. /Name /F10 Using a pair of pliers as a paperweightb. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . d. were told they were expected to be creative. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. The purpose of this experiment was to. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. Intermediate states can be created bya. d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. /oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT, Gabrielle is blonde, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive condo. . multiple goal states.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. a. descriptive information that is inconsistent with base rate information. Curious is studying the effect of _____, In analogical problem solving, the _____ problem has higher difficulty than the _____ problem.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. All of the exams use these questions; Ch1 - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6e Instructor Test Bank; IS2080C - Lab4 Excel . c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. match box can be used as a shelf.c. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Insight refers toa. by wmowel11@me.com, Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. d. degree of risk aversion one has. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of the experiment was to; Answer show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. warmth Insight- remain low until just before the problem is solved, Successful problem-solving is a result of, restructuring the representation of the problem, focus on specific characteristics of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions, functional fixedness hinders problem solving. insight.d. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem. /F1 3 0 R experimental groups and control groups.d. d. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. /Encoding 16 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Bold The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. Many people receive unsolicited calls from telemarketers or unwanted junk mailers advertising offers for products such as cable or Internet services or cellular phone companies. 4 0 obj d. mental sets. Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? using a juice glass as a container for OJ. << Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because. Ali's use of the cartons represents Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses parade every New Year's Day. swingingc. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. /dieresis/.notdef/ring/cedilla/.notdef/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. rise suddenly just; gradually r. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)a. novel object.b. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. On the first day he went out wearing the new garment, he found a $50 bill on the sidewalk outside of his office. >> b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. d. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. d. subjective utility values following a decision. stationaryb. If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. >> /Name /F9 When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. a person is attending to while solving a problem. the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. >> Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. familiar object.c. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. /F8 10 0 R /Type /Font Russian marriage, Dr. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. See Page 1. The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine. laboratory and real-world settings.c. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. the role of insight in creativity.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: a.the solution is immediately obvious.b.there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state.c.the goal state is not clearly defined.d.the initial state is not clearly defined. This research is an example of ____ research.a. endobj /BaseFont /Courier-Bold Please select the correct language below. c. low capacity for divergent thinking, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they. /F5 7 0 R Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)________. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. made the objects themselves.b. c. the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience. Bonnie is using. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ______ problem. b. what positive feelings will occur following a decision more so than negative feelings. What fraction of 105 is 513?5 \frac{1}{3} ?531? /Name /F5 With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. mental set, When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?a. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they are to the solution. a. break up or stay involved with a current girlfriend. 7 0 obj Developing schemas for each i, Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem.a.

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