importance of school health records

For example, a PHR enables you to: Track and assess your health. This decision was made because of the vast numbers of reviews available and the increased rigor associated with the term systematic. Copyright 2022 webdev. This overview used the corrected covered area (CCA), a comprehensive and validated measure, to determine overlap [16]. To convey to the teacher the results of the examination in such terms as to be useful to her in guiding the physical and mental growth of her . Eleven SRs included only cluster- and individually-randomized controlled trials [1921,24,27,28,30,32,34,37], seven SRs included other types of controlled and uncontrolled experimental studies in addition to RCTs [22,25,26,31,33,35,36], and two SRs included only QEs [29] or controlled clinical trials [23]. The final two items in the four-item checklist are (3) date of publication to ensure that results are up-to-date, and (4) matching of the scope to confirm that primary studies within SRs are relevant to the overview. The study assessed a group counseling intervention and found no statistically significant effects on the prevalence of anxiety, self-esteem, internalizing behavior or externalizing behavior [29]. Searches were performed on June 15, 2018. Similarly, some states require portions of the Healthy School Report Card to be completed. Copyright: 2019 Levinson et al. Finally, for 1519 year olds, the leading causes of death were road injury, self-harm, interpersonal violence, diarrheal diseases, and lower respiratory infections [47]. Chung and colleagues systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed universal sleep education programs as compared to no additional sleep intervention from Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Hong Kong (Table 3G) [20]. You can review and change the way we collect information below. It is likely that some interventions may have the same or perhaps an even better level of effectiveness when delivered by non-health providers, such as a teacher, as compared to when delivered by health providers. Excluded full text articles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. High overlap can contribute to biased results [15]. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the 20 included SRs. Retain all of your child's school accounts can help you see trends and patterns over time. Can these assessments be used for data in school improvement planning processes at the state or local level?Yes. It is difficult to determine overall effectiveness of school health services from this overview because the included SRs do not sufficiently cover the health areas most relevant for children and adolescents. In 2015, the global means for the primary and secondary net school enrollment rates were 90% and 65%, respectively, thus the potential reach of school health services is wide [8]. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212603, Editor: Danuta Wasserman, Karolinska Institutet, SWEDEN, Received: February 5, 2019; Accepted: May 27, 2019; Published: June 12, 2019. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Health Record to Teacher: Purpose: 1. While other pillars of Health Promoting Schools have relevant guidance documents, guidance on school health services is limited and not explicitly evidence-based. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. These SRs contained 270 primary studies, 225 of which were unique and 45 were included in more than one SR. There is potential to analyze this data at both the individual and population level to understand the links between health and education as well as the links between health interventions and outcomes. This document replaces the School Nurse Role in Electronic School Health Records (January 2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The Secondary Education Commission has recommended the maintenance of cumulative record of each pupil by the class teachers. Excluded full text articles and reasons for exclusion. School health will be fully integrated into the greater healthcare system to provide a holistic, child-centered, health system. Using electronic health records (EHRs) to link school nurses and health care systems is usually limited in scope despite EHRs advancement in these health care systems. School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health. S4 Appendix. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This overview presents multiple effective interventions that may be offered as a part of school health services delivered by a health provider. After removal of 705 articles with definitely ineligible titles/abstracts, 445 full text articles were screened using the ranked inclusion/exclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). Hennegan and Montgomery assessed the effectiveness of hardware and software menstrual management interventions (Table 3B) [22]. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Meta-analysis of the six studies showed statistically significant short-term benefits for weekday sleep time, weekend sleep time, and mood [20]. This article theoretically debated the role school record to effective educational management, the importance of keeping records in school, types of school records, and characteristics of . However, it should be noted that these SRs found mixed evidence of maintenance of effects over time [28,32,34,39]. Here are the product of records till keepand why they're important. Five databases were searched through June 2018. National Association of School Nurses. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. This systematic review of systematic reviews, henceforth referred to as an overview, will inform the upcoming development of a WHO guideline that addresses the school health services component of health-promoting schools and feeds into the FRESH framework. In the remaining twelve SRs, 50% to 74% of included studies fulfilled all the inclusion criteria [19,20,2225,28,31,32,3436]. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. The need for quality health care for519-year-olds is great, but globally the quality ofhealth services for them are variable and coverageis limited. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Evans and colleagues reviewed seven RCTs from China, India, and Tanzania on vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits at or before school entry (Table 3H) [21]. e0212603. Education on the wearing of spectacles in addition to vision screening as compared to vision screening alone did not have a significant effect [21]. SRs on oral health interventions focused on prevention [25,30], screening [18], and education [27,30] (Table 3E). Information from school health records will show proof of student health issues that ought to be self-addressed. Neil and Christensen analyzed 21 unique anxiety prevention and early intervention programs and found reductions in anxiety symptoms in 78% of the included studies [34]. Table C. Calculation of corrected covered areas (CCAs). Finally, the overview aimed to identify the health areas and specific school health services interventions for which no SRs were found, whether because the primary literature does not exist or where there are primary studies but no SR has been conducted. The formula for the CCA is: School health services staff also are responsible for coordinating care by communicating with the students family and health care providers so that they can stay healthy and ready to learn. Six SRs included at least one study from countries with lower-middle income or lower income economies [18,21,22,28,35,36]. Duplication of effort is something all three organizations would like to avoid. Primary studies included within the SRs were published between 1967 and 2017. Further, the exclusion of interventions delivered by non-health providers reduces the quantity and breadth of SRs included in this overview. The vast majority of providers and health systems utilize some form of computerized patient records. This may be solved by coordinating school visits from hospital-based health professionals or by linking schools with local health centers for children and adolescents to access as needed. Gold and colleagues assessed daily music therapy as an intervention to improve verbal and gestural communicative skills and reduce behavioral problems in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23]. None of the SRs evaluated comprehensive, multi-component, or multi-health area school health services. However, this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously due to small effect sizes, small sample sizes, and conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of music therapy between Sullivan and Simonson [36] and Gold and colleagues [23]. not in schools), an active control, or a waitlist control; (d) interventions aimed to improve one or more health outcomes, as defined by the SR authors; and (e) study designs were either randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies (QEs), or other non-randomized intervention studies. State and local stakeholders are encouraged to use other data, such as youth behavior surveys and public health surveillance, to identify which health risks have the greatest impact on students. Julia Levinson, health record explaining the purpose of school health records, services offered by school health personnel, and the desirability of periodic health examinations. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. McDonald and Drey narratively assessed group-based art therapy as an intervention for children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), moderate to severe behavior problems, or learning disorders [33]. These items include: (1) overlap (see below), (2) rating of confidence from the AMSTAR 2 checklist [14], (3) date of publication, and (4) match between the scope of the included SRs and the overview itself. This overview shows that the current SR literature does address mental health, specifically mood disorders. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Records are being kept on students who are well (screening, immunization, and episodic health room care); and students with chronic health conditions (emergency care planning; daily treatment and response data for students with conditions such as asthma; severe allergies; seizure disorders; and Type I Diabetes). The significance of records management to public healthcare facilities and institutions includes operational cost reduction and elimination of duplicated overhead costs; eliminates the creation. Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany, Affiliation: Evaluations are also conducted to refine and improve the tools. | 3 Registration Options. S6 Appendix. The effectiveness of school-based mental health services was assessed in nine SRs (Table 3C) [19,23,24,28,29,3234,36,39]. Interventions with evidence for effectiveness addressed autism, depression, anxiety, obesity, dental caries, visual acuity, asthma, and sleep. importance of keeping school records which include the following: 1. Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider were included. Through meta-analysis of two RCTs, the authors found that school vision screening combined with provision of free spectacles resulted in a statistically significant 60% increase in the wearing of spectacles at 38 months follow-up as compared to vision screening combined with prescription for spectacles only [21]. The four SRs that included PRP found mixed evidence [34] or no evidence of effectiveness [19,24,28,39], bringing the popularity of this intervention into question. Today, electronic patient records are the accepted norm. of school health services globally: The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH 2016-2017) estimated that over 22 million U.S. school-aged children are living with one or two or more health conditions, 11 million have special health care needs, and 7.5 million are not receiving needed care coordination (Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, 2016-2017).With school-aged children spending an average of 180 . If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. This SR did not discuss the quality or risk of bias of included studies [35]. These SRs must assess routine, multi-component school health services and the characteristics that make them effective, with special attention to content, quality, intensity, method of delivery, and cost. To be included in this overview, at least 50% of studies within each SR had to fulfill all inclusion criteria. http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/gshi/en/, http://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Pages/WASH.aspx, http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/resources/information_series/en/, https://data.worldbank.org/?year_high_desc=false, http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012595.pub2/full, http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005023.pub3/full, http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub2/abstract, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002280.pub2/abstract, https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups, https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/cms/Default.aspx?tabid=2418, http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment, https://www.iapb.org/resources/school-eye-health-guidelines/, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43027/924159215X_eng.pdf;jsessionid=7E674C27FAC37B003AB96A2DC13C7407?sequence=1, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204176/9789241510066_eng.pdf?sequence=1, http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight, http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions. Schools are the only institution regularly reaching the majority of school-age children and adolescents across the globe. Tips for Selecting an Electronic Documentation System, Healthcare Information and Management Systems(HIMSS), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Health Information Privacy, Your Rights Under HIPAA. However, it is difficult to formulate an overarching answer about the effectiveness of school health services for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents due to the heterogeneity of SRs found and the evident gaps in the SR literature. School nurses also maintain health records on students who fall outside the typical health care provider systems and whose only source of care may be the school nurse. One reviewer (JL) assessed all SRs and a second (KK) duplicated appraisal of 10%, with 94% agreement and only minor disagreements that did not impact grades of confidence. The Healthy School Report Card is already aligned with the schools improvement process. A health book contains the names of students/Pupils who brings complains to the clinic, . Only one of the 20 SRs included in this overview examined studies from a majority of LMIC and LIC [22,38]. This lag may preclude the ability for an overview to truly reflect current knowledge [13]. For useful recommendations to be made regarding school health services, cost-effectiveness must be more closely examined by primary studies and SRs. While this overview found significant gaps in the evidence for certain health areas, this does not necessarily mean that relevant high quality primary trials have not been conducted. The remaining Cochrane review was given a critically low level of confidence, though this may be because it was published in 2006 and standards for both the methods and reporting of Cochrane reviews have improved in recent years. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. However, all included primary studies were delivered in HIC [26]. School health services (SHS), as defined in this guideline, are services provided by a health worker to students enrolled in . Meaningful use (MU) of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is an important development in the safety and security of health care delivery in the United States. The mismatch in the SR literature identified by this overview demonstrates that more research must be done before an answer to this question can be determined. Schroeder and colleagues reviewed the effectiveness of obesity treatment and prevention interventions that specifically involved a school nurse (Table 3D) [26]. Telehealth programs are expensive, with mobile telehealth carts costing anywhere from $20,000 to $60,000, which doesn't include costs related to staffing, routine maintenance, and upkeep. PRISMA flowchart showing reasons for exclusion of potential systematic reviews. Given that FRIENDS has been endorsed by WHO [44] and was found to be effective in decreasing anxiety symptoms in all four SRs where it was mentioned in this overview [28,32,34,39], policy makers and school health officials may consider incorporating this or similar programs into existing school health services. CCA values for all health areas and calculations are available in Tables C and D in S5 Appendix. Academic performance records, such as grades and report cards, provide insight about. In 2015, the top five leading causes of death for 59 year olds were lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, meningitis, drowning, and road injury [47]. Hardware interventions included provision of sanitary products and software interventions focused on menstrual management education. David Anthony Ross, Affiliation: Meta-analysis indicated small, yet statistically significant, reductions in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and BMI percentile for both obesity treatment and prevention [26]. The information can then be used for policy development, planning, and school improvement efforts. Maintaining accurate records is essential to provid- ing quality care and protecting the health and safety of children in child care settings. From the limited amount of information available in existing systematic reviews, the strongest evidence supports implementation of anxiety prevention programs, indicated asthma education, and vision screening with provision of free spectacles. 1720 references were identified from the systematic literature search. While results from primary studies were statistically significant in both SRs, heterogeneity of interventions precluded meta-analysis by Walter and colleagues [37] and no reason was given for why meta-analysis was not performed by Geryk and colleagues [31]. More research should be done to identify the content and methods of deliver that make some oral health education interventions more effective than others. Schools offer a unique platform for health care delivery. Investing in a school management system is perhaps one of the easiest and most effective ways quickest ways institutions make the best sense of student data.

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